Automatic headlights is a standard feature on the Vibe. Are the headlights always on, and never in daytime running mode?
First thing would be to check all the fuses, I'm not sure what part of the car runs this feature.
Is the sensor present on the dash? It's the round thing on the dash next to the drives side a-pillar. Did someone paint over it, or put a dash mat on top of it?
You should be able to reach it (with some difficulty) by removing the gauge cluster. IIRC there is a three or four wire plug that connects to it. Make sure the wires are connected to it, unplug the wires and use a volt meter to verify it's getting power.
My previous car was an Impreza, and it didn't have this feature. I was lost without it
. Hope you can get it working.